Bernie Madoff perpetrated the largest investment fraud in U.S. history. The SEC never knew, and its revelation shook the agency to its core. Former Enforcement attorney Stephen L. Cohen was put in charge of building the system to keep it from happening again. He joins this episode to reflect on the events that led from an existential crisis to a massive cultural change in how the SEC treats the tips, complaints, and referrals it receives. Enjoy his inside perspective on the birth of the T-C-R system.